H1N1 Virus
H1N1 virus is a subtype of influenza A virus. H1N1(also
known as”swine Flu virus”) is a new influenza virus, first detected in some of
the people in the USA (April 2009). This virus was spreading in the pattern
similar to that of seasonal influenza. It is believed that H1N1 virus started
spreading in Mexico first and than almost whole world was effected.
H1N1
Nomenclature
World Health Organization (WHO) has renamed the
swineflu Virus as - influenza N1H1 virus. the name H1N1 came because of the two
main proteins found in this virus, they are Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase.
These H protein (hemagglutinin) and N protein(neuraminidase) are important as
they are responsible for infecting human beings. Each and every Viral strain
has these H and N proteins, they are of many type and the number that follows H
and N type on the strain describe there specific type. In influenza H1N1 virus
they are present on 1st position. Hence the name given to them is H1N1. These
two proteins are important because they are the main reason for causing
infections in humans. The H protein (hemagglutinin) allows the virus to attach
to human host cells and the other one i.e. N protein(neuraminidase) destroys
mucous thus causing infection.
In the initial phases of outbreak this virus was called
as “swine flu virus” as the lab test found that many genes of this virus are
similar to swine influenza virus found in North American pigs. Later studies
show that this virus is very much different from that found in pigs. Its
composition consist of genes of human, birds (avian) and pigs(swine)and so is
is called “quadruple reassortant” by the scientists.
The CDC named it as - “Novel influenza A (H1N1)” and World Health Organization (WHO) named
it influenza A (H1N1).
H1N1 virus was initially called ’swine flu virus’ and
this outbreak was called “Swine flu” but many people and groups objected this
name due to social and economical reasons related to swine or pork usiness,
therefore the name was changed by C.D.C and W.H.O. This virus is called by
different names in different parts of the world - Israel & South Korea
called it the “Mexican virus”. Later the South Korean press used “SI”, for “swine influenza”. Taiwan suggested the names “H1N1 flu” or “new flu”.
H1N1
Vaccine
H1N1 Vaccines:
The seasonal flu vaccine
that we usually receive will not provide any protection against the H1N1 virus,
H1N1 vaccination to protect against the H1N1 virus (sometimes called “swine
flu”) have been produced. There are two kinds of H1N1 vaccines that is given
with a needle, usually in the arm and a nasal spray, both the H1N1 vaccines are
made by growing the virus in chicken eggs. The manufacturers that produce
seasonal flu vaccines also produces the H1N1 vaccines against the H1N1 flu
pandemic. CDC is now encouraging everyone to get vaccinated against H1N1 flu
pandemic.
About H1N1 vaccines:
The most important feature
of the H1N1 vaccines manufacturing process is the 1,200,000,000 chicken eggs
required to make the 3 billion doses of H1N1 vaccines that maybe required
worldwide. The entire chicken farms around the world are been dedicated to
producing eggs for the purpose of incubating influenza viruses in the chicken
eggs for use in H1N1 vaccines. It takes at least six months from initial to its
end process. But no wonders we’ll try and get that in a minute for preparing
are H1N1 flu Vaccines. Commonly used process for producing an influenza vaccine
was developed in the 1940s. Its co-inventors was Jonas Salk, who has develop
the polio vaccine which has remained unchanged since then. The process is taken
care by the World Health Organization and begins with the detection of a new
swine flu virus Pandemic and to prepare the H1N1 vaccines. Which allows the
virus to grow well in chicken eggs, then the hybrid is tested to make sure that
it grows well, safe and produces proper antigen response, (Antigen is any
substance that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against it.) An
antigen maybe a foreign substance, from the environment as chemicals, bacteria,
viruses, or pollen. An antigen may also form within the body, as with bacterial
toxins or tissue cells. When the H1N1 vaccine gets inside your body, the
pandemic strains surface antigens will produce antibodies against it.
The standardized kit provided to H1N1 vaccines manufacturers so that they can
test how much virus they are making and how effective it is. This process
serves to standardize H1N1 vaccines doses across the manufacturers and takes
four months to complete its process.
Once the swine flu virus is produced, it is sent to pharmaceutical companies in
different parts of the world for large-scale production of the H1N1 vaccines.
The companies finds the virus to increase yields and produces seed virus banks
that will be used in the bulk production to increase in chicken eggs, which is
been injected into each 9 to 12 days old fertilized eggs, and this is where the
1.2 billion chicken eggs come in. The virus incubates in the egg white for two
to three days and is then separated from the egg. This the
process of the H1N1 vaccines.
H1N1 vaccination :
CDC’s Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices has recommends that swine
flu or H1N1 vaccine should first go to:
1. Pregnant women
2. Household contacts and cabdrivers for children younger than 6 months of age
3. Health care and emergency medical personnel.
4. All children and young adults from 6 months through 24 years of age, and
5. Persons aged 25 through 64 years who have health conditions associated with
higher risk of medical complications from influenza.
Its possible to get a seasonal flu vaccine and the swine flu or H1N1 vaccines
at the same time. unless both are not the nasal spray version of the flu
vaccine. Instead kids can get one as a nasal spray and one as a flu shot. kids
aged nine years old and under need, two doses of the H1N1 vaccines separated by
at least four weeks to get full protection against the swine flu through H1N1
vaccines. But at the same time older children, adults, need just one dose. Keep
in mind that even if the child was diagnosed with swine flu, unless the
diagnosis was confirmed by adverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction
(RT-PCR) test, they should still get the H1N1 vaccines. Most the people have
not had that test and simply had a rapid flu test in their doctor’s clinic or
where diagnosed based on their H1N1 (Swine flu) symptoms still went for the
dose of the H1N1 vaccine as ‘precaution is better than cure’,
H1N1 flu vaccines availability:
Although five companies are making H1N1 vaccines shots, including Sanofi
Pasteur, Novartis, GSK, Medimmune and CSL,
Doctors are not able to directly order H1N1 vaccines from them. Instead, the
federal government is purchasing all of the H1n1 vaccines shots and then is
distributing H1N1 vaccines via a centralized distribution program in the
country. Paediatricians and other health care providers can order H1N1 flu
vaccines if they want to receive H1N1 flu vaccines to give their patients
suffering from H1N1 pandemic.
H1N1
vaccination side effects / Dangers :
The FDA has approved four vaccines for the prevention of H1N1 . Recent
preliminary reports from clinical trials of these H1N1 vaccines have described
common H1N1 vaccination side effects / Dangers. 90% of H1N1 vaccines receivers
achieved a strong immune response within three weeks, a sign that the vaccine
is working. Local Side Effects/ dangers from Approved H1N1 vaccines no deaths
or serious adverse events have been reported from any H1N1 vaccination.
Approximately 44% of vaccine receiver has reported mild side effects within 7
days of receiving the first dose of H1N1 vaccine. 86% of the volunteers that
received Novartis’s H1N1 vaccines reported adverse reactions after one or both
doses the most common local side effect experienced was injection site pain.
The reactions were quite mild and resolved after 72 hours. Side effects or H1N1
vaccines occurring at the location where the vaccine had been administered
include the following:
1.
Tenderness
2.Pain
3.Redness
4.Hardening of skin
5.Swelling
6.Bruising
less than 1% experienced a severe adverse reaction to immunization. Severe H1N1
vaccination side effects / Dangers reported include, malaise, muscle pain, and
nausea. Muscle aches were the most common side effect reported by participants
receiving the H1N1 vaccines produced by Novartis, and no severe systemic side
effects were reported. The following are common whole-body H1N1 vaccination
side effects / Dangers occurring in response to either H1N1 vaccination.
H1N1 Nomenclature
therefore the name was changed by C.D.C and W.H.O. This virus is called by different names in different parts of the world - Israel & South Korea called it the “Mexican virus”. Later the South Korean press used “SI”, for “swine influenza”. Taiwan suggested the names “H1N1 flu” or “new flu”.
H1N1 Vaccine
The seasonal flu vaccine that we usually receive will not provide any protection against the H1N1 virus, H1N1 vaccination to protect against the H1N1 virus (sometimes called “swine flu”) have been produced. There are two kinds of H1N1 vaccines that is given with a needle, usually in the arm and a nasal spray, both the H1N1 vaccines are made by growing the virus in chicken eggs. The manufacturers that produce seasonal flu vaccines also produces the H1N1 vaccines against the H1N1 flu pandemic. CDC is now encouraging everyone to get vaccinated against H1N1 flu pandemic.
The most important feature of the H1N1 vaccines manufacturing process is the 1,200,000,000 chicken eggs required to make the 3 billion doses of H1N1 vaccines that maybe required worldwide. The entire chicken farms around the world are been dedicated to producing eggs for the purpose of incubating influenza viruses in the chicken eggs for use in H1N1 vaccines. It takes at least six months from initial to its end process. But no wonders we’ll try and get that in a minute for preparing are H1N1 flu Vaccines. Commonly used process for producing an influenza vaccine was developed in the 1940s. Its co-inventors was Jonas Salk, who has develop the polio vaccine which has remained unchanged since then. The process is taken care by the World Health Organization and begins with the detection of a new swine flu virus Pandemic and to prepare the H1N1 vaccines. Which allows the virus to grow well in chicken eggs, then the hybrid is tested to make sure that it grows well, safe and produces proper antigen response, (Antigen is any substance that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against it.) An antigen maybe a foreign substance, from the environment as chemicals, bacteria, viruses, or pollen. An antigen may also form within the body, as with bacterial toxins or tissue cells. When the H1N1 vaccine gets inside your body, the pandemic strains surface antigens will produce antibodies against it.
The standardized kit provided to H1N1 vaccines manufacturers so that they can test how much virus they are making and how effective it is. This process serves to standardize H1N1 vaccines doses across the manufacturers and takes four months to complete its process.
Once the swine flu virus is produced, it is sent to pharmaceutical companies in different parts of the world for large-scale production of the H1N1 vaccines. The companies finds the virus to increase yields and produces seed virus banks that will be used in the bulk production to increase in chicken eggs, which is been injected into each 9 to 12 days old fertilized eggs, and this is where the 1.2 billion chicken eggs come in. The virus incubates in the egg white for two to three days and is then separated from the egg. This the process of the H1N1 vaccines.
CDC’s Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices has recommends that swine flu or H1N1 vaccine should first go to:
1. Pregnant women
2. Household contacts and cabdrivers for children younger than 6 months of age
3. Health care and emergency medical personnel.
4. All children and young adults from 6 months through 24 years of age, and
5. Persons aged 25 through 64 years who have health conditions associated with higher risk of medical complications from influenza.
Its possible to get a seasonal flu vaccine and the swine flu or H1N1 vaccines at the same time. unless both are not the nasal spray version of the flu vaccine. Instead kids can get one as a nasal spray and one as a flu shot. kids aged nine years old and under need, two doses of the H1N1 vaccines separated by at least four weeks to get full protection against the swine flu through H1N1 vaccines. But at the same time older children, adults, need just one dose. Keep in mind that even if the child was diagnosed with swine flu, unless the diagnosis was confirmed by adverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test, they should still get the H1N1 vaccines. Most the people have not had that test and simply had a rapid flu test in their doctor’s clinic or where diagnosed based on their H1N1 (Swine flu) symptoms still went for the dose of the H1N1 vaccine as ‘precaution is better than cure’,
H1N1 flu vaccines availability:
Although five companies are making H1N1 vaccines shots, including Sanofi Pasteur, Novartis, GSK, Medimmune and CSL,
Doctors are not able to directly order H1N1 vaccines from them. Instead, the federal government is purchasing all of the H1n1 vaccines shots and then is distributing H1N1 vaccines via a centralized distribution program in the country. Paediatricians and other health care providers can order H1N1 flu vaccines if they want to receive H1N1 flu vaccines to give their patients suffering from H1N1 pandemic.
The FDA has approved four vaccines for the prevention of H1N1 . Recent preliminary reports from clinical trials of these H1N1 vaccines have described common H1N1 vaccination side effects / Dangers. 90% of H1N1 vaccines receivers achieved a strong immune response within three weeks, a sign that the vaccine is working. Local Side Effects/ dangers from Approved H1N1 vaccines no deaths or serious adverse events have been reported from any H1N1 vaccination. Approximately 44% of vaccine receiver has reported mild side effects within 7 days of receiving the first dose of H1N1 vaccine. 86% of the volunteers that received Novartis’s H1N1 vaccines reported adverse reactions after one or both doses the most common local side effect experienced was injection site pain. The reactions were quite mild and resolved after 72 hours. Side effects or H1N1 vaccines occurring at the location where the vaccine had been administered include the following:
2.Pain
3.Redness
4.Hardening of skin
5.Swelling
6.Bruising
less than 1% experienced a severe adverse reaction to immunization. Severe H1N1 vaccination side effects / Dangers reported include, malaise, muscle pain, and nausea. Muscle aches were the most common side effect reported by participants receiving the H1N1 vaccines produced by Novartis, and no severe systemic side effects were reported. The following are common whole-body H1N1 vaccination side effects / Dangers occurring in response to either H1N1 vaccination.
No comments:
Post a Comment